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Aspirin in low doses is recommended for reducing the risk of pre-eclampsia, particularly in women who have known risk factors for this condition. Studies have demonstrated that low-dose aspirin (typically 81 mg daily) can be effective in decreasing the incidence of pre-eclampsia in high-risk populations, such as those with a history of pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancies, chronic hypertension, or other risk factors. The medication works by improving blood flow to the placenta and may help stabilize the functioning of the blood vessels during pregnancy, which is crucial in preventing the development of pre-eclampsia.

The other medications mentioned do not serve this primary purpose: Heparin is primarily an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots, magnesium sulfate is used for the management of severe pre-eclampsia and to prevent seizures, and metformin is typically utilized in the management of gestational diabetes or insulin resistance rather than in the prevention of pre-eclampsia. Therefore, low-dose aspirin stands out as the correct choice for its specific role in reducing the risk of this pregnancy complication.