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Alpha-1 antagonists, also known as alpha-1 blockers, are commonly used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as they help relax the smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, leading to improved urinary flow. A notable side effect associated with these medications is hypotension, which occurs due to the drug's effect on blocking alpha-1 adrenergic receptors that normally mediate vasoconstriction. When these receptors are inhibited, there is a decrease in vascular resistance, which can lead to a drop in blood pressure, particularly when a patient stands up, a situation known as orthostatic hypotension.

This effect is particularly important to monitor in patients starting treatment, especially those who may already be at risk for low blood pressure or are on other antihypertensive medications. Understanding the mechanism of action of alpha-1 antagonists and their influence on the cardiovascular system is essential for managing their therapeutic use and recognizing potential adverse effects.