PLAB Practice Exam 2026 – The Complete Guide to Mastering the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board Test!

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in response to antipsychotic medications, characterized by symptoms such as muscle rigidity, high fever, autonomic instability, and altered mental status. The treatment for NMS focuses on addressing the hypermetabolic state and alleviating the symptoms.

Dantrolene is indicated for use in NMS as it works by directly inhibiting calcium release in muscle cells, thus helping to relieve muscle rigidity and lower the elevated body temperature associated with this syndrome. Its role is particularly emphasized in cases of severe rigidity and hyperthermia that may occur in patients with NMS.

Other options like antidepressants, beta-blockers, and antihistamines do not target the underlying pathophysiology of NMS effectively. While beta-blockers may have some use in managing autonomic symptoms, they do not directly treat NMS itself. Antihistamines and antidepressants are primarily used for different conditions and would not provide the necessary intervention for this acute syndrome. Therefore, the use of dantrolene is recognized as a crucial component in the management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.