Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is the role of PTU in the treatment of thyroid conditions?

1. To replace thyroid hormone

2. To inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis

3. To bind free T4 in circulation

4. To act as a thyroid hormone antagonist

The correct answer is: To inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis

The role of PTU, or propylthiouracil, in the treatment of thyroid conditions, particularly hyperthyroidism, is to inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis. PTU works by blocking the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, which is crucial in the production of thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). By inhibiting this enzyme, PTU decreases the amount of these hormones produced by the thyroid gland, thereby helping to control symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in conditions like Graves' disease, where excess thyroid hormone levels lead to various systemic symptoms, including weight loss, anxiety, and heat intolerance. By reducing hormone synthesis, PTU can alleviate these symptoms and help stabilize the patient's condition. The other options do not accurately describe PTU's primary function. For example, replacing thyroid hormone is generally achieved through medications like levothyroxine, not through PTU. Binding free T4 in circulation is a process associated with drugs that sequester thyroid hormones, which PTU does not do. While thyroid hormone antagonism might seem relevant, PTU does not act as an antagonist in the way that blocks hormone activity; instead, it reduces hormone production at the